Head pain, or cephalalgia, encompasses a range of discomfort, from tension-like aches to severe migraines. Causes include stress, sinus congestion, dehydration, and underlying medical conditions. Tension headaches result from muscle tension in the head, neck, and shoulders, while cluster headaches cause intense, stabbing pain around one eye. Migraines involve throbbing pain, often on one side, accompanied by nausea, light sensitivity, and more. Trigeminal neuralgia leads to sudden, severe facial pain. Proper diagnosis hinges on understanding the pain’s type, location, and triggers. Treatment varies, from over-the-counter pain relievers to prescription medications, lifestyle adjustments, and addressing the root cause for effective pain management.